viernes, 9 de septiembre de 2016

Roald Dahl





BIOGRAFÍAS
Roald Dahl


Roald Dahl
(1916 - 1990)

British writer, famous for his ingenious short stories and macabre children's books. Dahl's taste for cruelty, rudeness to adults, and the comic grotesque fascinated young readers, but upset many adult critics. Several of Dahl's stories have been made into films, including Matilda, dir. by Danny DeVito (1996).



'Aunt Glosspan,' the boy said, ' what do ordinary people eat that we don't?' 
'Animals,' she answered, tossing her head in disgust. 
'You mean live animals?' 
'No,' she said. 'Dead ones.'
(from 'Pig' in Kiss, Kiss, 1959)



              Roald Dahl was born in Llandaff, Wales, of Norwegian parents. His father, Harald Dahl, was the joint owner of a successful ship-broking business, "Aadnesen& Dahl" with another Norwegian. Before emigrating to Wales, Harald had been a farmer near Oslo. He married a young French girl named Marie in Paris; she died after giving birth to their second child. In 1911 he married Sofie Magdalene Hesselberg. Harald died when Dahl was four years old, and three weeks later his elder sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. The family had to sell their jewellery to pay for Dahl's upkeep at a private school in Derbyshire. When Dahl was 13 he went to a public school named Repton.
            His years at public schools in Wales and England Dahl later described without nostalgia: "I was appalled by the fact that masters and senior boys were allowed literally to wound other boys, and sometimes quite severely. I couldn't get over it. I never got over it..." (from Boy: Tales of Childhood, 1984) Dahl especially hated the matron who ruled the school dormitories. These experiences later inspired him to write stories in which children fight against cruel adults and authorities. "I have never met anybody who so persistently writes words meaning the exact opposite of what is intended," one of Dahl's English teachers commented.
          "Parents and schoolteachers are the enemy," Dahl once said. "The adult is the enemy of the child because of the awful process of civilizing this thing that when it is born is an animal with no manners, no moral sense at all." In WITCHES (1973) behind the mask of a beautiful woman is an ugly witch, and in MATILDA (1988) Miss Turnbull throws children out of windows. Both parents are eaten in JAMES AND THE GIANT PEACH (1961), but the real enemies of the hero of the story, a little boy, are two aunts.
         At eighteen, instead of entering university, Dahl joined an expedition to Newfoundland. Returning to England he took a job with Shell, working in London (1933-37) and in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (1937-39). During World War II he served in the Royal Air Forces in Libya, Greece, and Syria. He was shot down in Libya, wounded in Syria, and then posted to Washington as an assistant air attaché to British Security (1942-43). In 1943 he was a wing commander and worked until 1945 for British Security Co-ordination in North America.
       In the crash Dahl had fractured his skull, and said later: "You do get bits of magic from enormous bumps on the head." While he was recovering from his wounds, Dahl had strange dreams, which inspired his first short stories. Encouraged by C.S. Forester, Dahl wrote about his most exiting RAF adventures. The story, A Piece of Cake, was published by the Saturday Evening Post. It earned him $1,000. The same story was later included in OVER TO YOU: THE STORIES OF FLYERS AND FLYING (1946). Dahl's first children's book, THE GREMLINS (1943), about mischievous little creatures, who eventually join the Allied forces in the Battle of Britain, caught also Walt Disney's attention. Later it inspired a popular movie. Dahl's collection of short stories, SOMEONE LIKE YOU (1954), gained world success, as did its sequel, KISS KISS (1959). The two books were serialized for television in America. A number of the stories had appeared in the New Yorker. Dahl's stories were seen in Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955-61) and in the Tales of the Unexpected (1979) series.
            In 1953 Dahl married the successful and wealthy actress Patricia Neal; they had one son and four daughters – the eldest daughter Olivia died of measles when she was eight. Dahl's wife suffered a series of brain hemorrhages at the age of 38; while pregnant with their fifth child she had a stroke. She described her recovery and her husband's solicitous help in the autobiography As I Am (1988). The marriage ended after other family tragedies; she also discovered that Dahl had been having an affair with her friend, Felicity Ann Crossland, who was 22 years his junior. Dahl married her in 1983. Patricia Neal received in 1964 an Oscar for her performance in Hud. She died in 2010.
          The only stageplay Dahl ever wrote, THE HONEYS, failed in New York in 1955. After showing little inclination towards children's literature, Dahl published JAMES AND THE GIANT PEACH (1961). It was first published in the United States, but it took six years before Dahl found a published in Britain. James and the Giant Peach was followed by the highly popular tale CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY (1964), which has inspired two film adaptations. The story dealt with one small boy's search for the ultimate prize in fierce competition with other, highly unpleasant children, many of whom come to sticky ends as a result of their greediness. It presented the central theme in Dahl's fiction for young readers: virtue is rewarded, vice is punished. In the end the fabulous chocolate factory is given to Charlie, the kind, impoverished boy. THE WITCHES (1983) won the Whitbread Children's Book Award in 1983. The judges described the book as "deliciously disgusting". Later Felicity Dahl collected her husband's culinary "delights", such as "Bird Pie", "Hot Frogs", and "Lickable Wallpaper" in Roald Dahl's Revolting Recipes (1994).
          MY UNCLE OSWALD (1979) was Dahl's first full-length novel, a bizarre story of a scheme for procuring and selling the sperm of the world's most powerful and brilliant men. Dahl received three Edgar Allan Poe Awards (1954, 1959, 1980). In 1982 he won his first literary prize with THE BFG, a story about Big Friendly Giant, who kidnaps and takes a little girl to Giantland, where giants eat children. In 1983 he received World Fantasy Convention Lifetime Achievement award. Dahl died of an infection on November 23, 1990, in Oxford. Dahl's autobiographical books, BOY: TALES OF CHILDHOOD and GOING SOLO, appeared in 1984 and 1986 respectively. The success of his books resulted in the foundation of the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery in Aylesbury, not far from where he lived.



"Good ghost stories, like good children's books, are damnably difficult to write. I am a short story writer myself, and although I have been doing it for forty-five years and have always longed to write just one decent ghost story, I have never succeeded in bringing it off. Heaven knows, I have tried. Once I thought I had done it. It was with a story that is now called 'The Landlady'. But when it was finished and I examined it carefully, I knew it wasn't good enough. I hadn't brought it off. I simply hadn't got the secret. So finally I altered the ending and made it into a non-ghost story." (from Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories, 1983)



          Dahl's stories have unexpected endings and strange, menacing atmospheres. The principle of "fair play" works in unconventional but unavoidable ways. Uncle Oswald, a seducer from 'The Visitor', gets seduced. In 'Parson's Pleasure' an antique dealer tastes his own medicine and the Twits from THE TWITS (1980) use glue to catch birds and meet their own gluey ends. In 'Lamb to the Slaughter' the evidence of a murder, a frozen leg of lamb, is eaten by officers who in vain search for the murder weapon. The story was inspired by a meeting with the writer Ian Fleming at a dinner party. Puns, word coinages, and neologism are more often used in the children's stories, whereas in adult fiction the emphasis is on imaginative plots. In addition to his children's books, Dahl also aroused much controversy with his politically incorrect opinions - he was accused of anti-Semitism and antifeminism and when a prowler managed to get into Queen Elizabeth's bedroom, Dahl was wrongly suspected of giving to the unwanted guest the whole idea in one of his books, The BFG (1982).



For further reading: Roald Dahl by Chris Dowling (1983); Roald Dahl by Alan Warren (1988); Roald Dahl: A Biography by Jeremy Treglown (1994); St James Guide to Young Adult Writers, ed. by Tom Pendergast and Sara Pendergast (1999); Beatrix Potter to Harry Potter: Portraits of children's writers by Julia Eccleshare (2002)








 Selected works:
  • THE GREMLINS, 1943 - The Gremlins movies uses the name but are unrelated: first 1984, dir. by Joe Dante; the second 1990, Grewmlins 2. dir. by Joe Dante. - One episode of The Twilight Zone Movie (1983), scripted by Richard Matheson, drew on Dahl's original idea
  • OVER TO YOU, 1945
  • SOMETIME NEVER, 1948
  • SOMEONE LIKE YOU, 1953, rev. 1961 - film adaptations: 'The Taste', TV film 1952, dir. by Richard Goode, starring Peter Lorre; 'Taste', TV film 1954, starring Ed Begley, Patricia Breslin, Joseph Schlidkraut; 'Taste', TV film 1955, starring Leonard Elliot, Violet Heming, Diana Millay, Rudy Vallee; 'Taste', TV film 1967, prod. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), dir. by John Glenister, starring Donald Pleasence, Leonard Rossiter, Maureen O'Brien, Marion Mathie
  • THE HONEYS, 1955 (play, prod. in New York City)
  • KISS, KISS, 1959 
  • JAMES AND THE GIANT PEACH, 1961 - animation film 1996, prod. Allied Filmmakers, dir. by Henry Selick
  • CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY, 1964 - films: 1971, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, dir. by Mel Stuart, starring Gene Wilder, Jack Albertson, Peter Ostrum, Roy Kinnear, Julie Dawn Cole, Leonard Stone 2005, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, dir. by Tim Burton, screenplay by John August, starring Johnny Depp, Charlie Bucket, Helena Bonham Carter -
  • 36 HOURS, 1965 (screenplay, based on 'Beware of the Dog', film dir. by George Seaton, starring James Garner, Eva Marie Saint, Rod Taylor; TV film Breaking Point, 1989, dir. by Peter Markle, starring Corbin Bernsen, Joanna Pacula, John Glover, David Marshall Grant)
  • THE MAGIC FINGER, 1966
  • YOU ONLY LIVE TWICE, 1967 (screenplay based on Ian Fleming's novel, with Harry Jack Bloom)
  • CHITTY CHITTY BANG BANG, 1968 (screenplay based on Ian Fleming's children's book, with Ken Hughes)
  • TWENTY-NINE KISSES FROM ROALD DAHL, 1969
  • FANTASTIC MR. FOX, 1970 - film 2009, dir. by Wes Anderson, voices: George Clooney, Owen Wilson, Meryl Streep, Bill Murray, Willem Dafoe
  • SELECTED STORIES, 1970
  • THE NIGHT-DIGGER, 1971 (screenplay based on Joy Cowley's novel, film dir. by Alastair Reid, starring Patricia Neal, Pamela Brown, Nicholas Clay, Jean Anderson)
  • WILLY WONKA AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY, 1971 (screenplay)
  • CHARLIE AND THE GREAT GLASS ELEVATOR, 1972 
  • PENGUIN MODERN STORIES 12, 1972 (with others)
  • SWITCH BITCH, 1974 - Alahuuli (suom. Raija Mattila, 1975)
  • DANNY, THE CHAMPION OF THE WORLD, 1975 - film 1989, prod. Children's Film and Television Foundation (CFTVF), dir. by Gavin Millar, screenplay by John Goldsmith, starring Jeremy Irons, Robbie Coltrane, Samuel Irons, Cyril Cusack, Jean Marsh
  • THE WONDERFUL STORY OF HENRY SUGAR AND SIX MORE, 1977 -
  • CHARLIE AND THE GREAT GLASS ELEVATOR, 1978
  • THE COMPLETE ADVENTURES OF CHARLIE AND MR WILLY WONKA, 1978
  • THE ENORMOUS CROCODILE, 1978
  • THE BEST OF ROALD DAHL, 1978
  • TALES OF THE UNEXPECTED, 1979 - TV series 1979-1988, 26 episodes, prod. Anglia Television
  • TASTE AND OTHER TALES, 1979
  • MY ONCLE OSWALD, 1979 
  • THE TWITS, 1980
  • GEORGE'S MARVELOUS MEDICINE, 1980
  • MORE TALES OF THE UNEXPECTED, 1980 - TV series 1979-1988, 26 episodes, prod. Anglia Television
  • THE WAY UP TO HEAVEN AND OTHER STORIES, 1980
  • A ROALD DAHL SELECTION, 1980
  • THE BFG, 1982. Animation film 1989, prod. Cosgrove Hall Films, dir. by Brian Cosgrove, voices: David Jason, Amanda Root, Angela Thorne, Ballard Berkeley, Michael Knowles, Don Henderson
  • ROALD DAHL'S REVOLTING RHYMES, 1982 
  • ROALD DAHL'S BOOK OF GHOST STORIES, 1983
  • TWO FABLES, 1983
  • THE WITCHES, 1983 - film The Witches, 1990, dir. by Nicolas Roeg, starring Anjelica Huston, Mai Zetterling, Jasen Fisher, Jane Horrocks, Anne Lambton, Rowan Atkinson
  • BOY: TALES OF CHILDHOOD, 1984
  • DIRTY BEASTS, 1984
  • THE GIRAFFE AND THE PELLY AND ME, 1985
  • TWO FABLES, 1986
  • GOING SOLO, 1986
  • THE SECOND ROALD DAHL SELECTION, 1987
  • MATILDA, 1988 - Matilda (suom. Eeva Heikkinen, 1990) - film Road Dahl's Matilda, 1996, dir. by Danny deVito, starring Mara Wilson, Danny DeVito, Rhea Perlman, Embeth Davidtz, Pam Ferris, Paul Reubens
  • AH, SWEET MYSTERY OF LIFE, 1989
  • RHYME STEW, 1989
  • ROALD DAHL: CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY, CHARLIE AND THE GREAT GLASS ELEVATOR, THE BFG, 1989
  • ESIO TROT, 1990 
  • THE MINPINS, 1991
  • THE VICAR OF NIBBLESWICK, 1991
  • MEMORIES WITH FOOD AT GIPSY HOUSE, 1991 (with F. Dahl)
  • THE COLLECTED SHORT STORIES, 1991
  • THE DAHL DIARY, 1992, 1991
  • THE DAHL COLLECTION OF NURSERY VERSE, 1992 (ed.)
  • MY YEAR, 1993
  • THE GREAT AUTOMATIC GRAMMATIZATOR, 1997
  • THE ROALD DAHL TREASURY, 1997
  • SKIN AND OTHER STORIES, 2000

    SHORT STORIES BY ROALD DAHL

    Initially most of his stories appeared in magazines, but were later brought together in a series of collections. How many have you read?
  • Fullscreen

    Published in 1946, Over To You features 10 of Roald Dahl's earliest stories - the majority of which were set during the Second World War and based on his own experiences as a fighter pilot. The stories featured are:
    • Death of an Old, Old Man
    • An African Story
    • A Piece of Cake (Roald Dahl's first paid peice of writing, originally published in 1942 as Shot Down Over Libya.)
    • Madame Rosette
    • Katina
    • Yesterday Was Beautiful
    • They Shall Not Grow Old
    • Beware of the Dog
    • Only This
    • Someone Like You
    Fullscreen

    Originally released in 1953, Someone Like You features 18 stories, many of which would later appear in Tales of the Unexpected.
    • Taste
    • Lamb to the Slaughter
    • Man from the South
    • The Soldier
    • My Lady Love, My Dove
    • Dip in the Pool
    • Galloping Foxley
    • Skin
    • Poison
    • The Wish
    • Neck
    • The Sound Machine
    • Nunc Dimittis
    • The Great Automatic Grammatizator
    • Claud's Dog: The Ratcatcher
    • Claud's Dog: Rummins
    • Claud's Dog: Mr Hoddy
    • Claud's Dog: Mr Feasey
    Fullscreen
    Published in 1960, Kiss Kiss features several more stories that were televised for Tales of the Unexpected as well as the first appearance in print of Danny's Dad from Danny, the Champion of the World.
    • The Landlady
    • William and Mary
    • The Way up to Heaven
    • Parson's Pleasure
    • Mrs Bixby and the Colonel's Coat
    • Royal Jelly
    • Georgy Porgy
    • Genesis and Catastrophe
    • Edward the Conqueror
    • Pig
    • The Champion of the World
    Fullscreen
    Released in 1974, Switch Bitch was the first time one of Roald Dahl's most notorious adult characters - Uncle Oswald - appeared in print. These four tales are aimed at adults. 
    • The Visitor
    • The Great Switcheroo
    • The Last Act
    • Bitch
    Fullscreen
    This collection is suitable for teenagers and also features one of Roald Dahl's rare factual stories - The Mildenhall Treasure, his 1946 account of Suffolk ploughman's Gordon Butcher's discovery of Roman silver.
    • The Boy Who Talked with Animals
    • The Hitch-hiker
    • The Mildenhall Treasure
    • The Swan
    • The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar
    • Lucky Break
    • A Piece of Cake
    Fullscreen
    Despite being published in 1989, the stories in this collection all date from the late 1940s. Based in and around the Buckinghamshire countryside Roald Dahl lived in for much of his adult life, these stories also show an early prototype for the genius pheasant-catching methods explored inDanny, the Champion of the World...
    • Preface
    • Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life
    • Parson's Pleasure
    • The Ratcatcher
    • Rummins
    • Mr Hoddy
    • Mr Feasey
    • The Champion of the World

    The Complete Short Stories
    Fancy reading them all? In 2013, all of Roald Dahl's short stories were brought together in two new volumes with introductions from authors Charlie Higson and Anthony Horowitz.
    Volume One features stories from 1944 to 1953, and Volume Two takes us from 1954 to 1988


ROALD DAHL





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